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The Second Punic War between Carthage and Rome began in 218 BCE and ended in 202 with the dramatic defeat at the Battle of Zama of Carthage's commander Hannibal by his adversary, the Roman Scipio. The two men were born about a decade apart but died in the same year, 183, following brilliant but...

A definitive new history of the origins, evolution, and scope of the ancient Greek city-state The Greek polis, or city-state, was a resilient and adaptable political institution founded on the principles of citizenship, freedom, and equality. Emerging around 650 BCE and...

A Times Literary Supplement Best Book of the Year How the modern world understood the ancient Greeks and why they matter today. "This majestic book by Oswyn Murray has been long and eagerly awaited...and its quality and scope exceed expectations." -...

Until 1979, homosexual men were systematically exempt from military service in the Bundeswehr. Although homosexuality alone was no longer a cause for being unfit for service, the principle applied to homosexual soldiers was: compulsory military service yes, career no. In most cases, same-sex...

A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. In the late fifth century, a girl whose name...

A staggering new account of the civilian death toll of the world wars--and what it reveals about the true nature and cost of modern war Soldiers have never been the only casualties of wars. But the armies that fought World Wars I and II killed far more civilians than soldiers...

Winner of the 2025 Pulitzer Prize A "riveting history" (Wall Street Journal) of the Soviet dissident movement, which hastened the end of the USSR and still provides a model of opposition in Putin's Russia--and beyond Beginning in the 1960s, the...

An examination of how the Jews--real and imagined--so challenged the Christian majority in medieval Europe that it became a society that was religiously and culturally antisemitic in new ways In medieval Europe, Jews were not passive victims of the Christian community, as is...

Leading historians and archaeologists offer a comprehensive introduction to the increasingly entangled worlds that spanned the globe between 600 and 1350 CE. The period between the seventh and fourteenth centuries is hardly thought of as an era of globalization. Entire societies in the...

How the Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center informed the PLO's relationship to Zionism and Israel In September 1982, the Israeli military invaded West Beirut and Israel-allied Lebanese militiamen massacred Palestinians in the Sabra and Shatila refugee camps....